Generating Code Coverage Metrics

Code Coverage refers to the percentage of lines of code that are tested by a suite of unit tests. It's a good general indicator of how thoroughly your code has been tested, that all branches and edge cases are working properly, etc. Pester calculates this coverage during test execution and generates a report.

In practice, Pester's Code Coverage analysis provides valuable insights into the coverage of your code and helps identify untested branches and edge cases.

Quickstart

To generate Code Coverage metrics we no longer rely in the -CodeCoverage parameter of the Invoke-Pester command. Pester, offers a new way to configure Code Coverage using New-PesterConfiguration, as explained in the following snippet:

# Create a Pester configuration object using `New-PesterConfiguration`
$config = New-PesterConfiguration

# Set the test path to specify where your tests are located. In this example, we set the path to the current directory. Pester will look into all subdirectories.
$config.Run.Path = "."

# Enable Code Coverage
$config.CodeCoverage.Enabled = $true

# Run Pester tests using the configuration you've created
Invoke-Pester -Configuration $config

# Example output...
# Tests completed in 8.26s
# Tests Passed: 8, Failed: 0, Skipped: 0 NotRun: 0
# Processing code coverage result.
# Covered 11.7% / 75%. 735 analyzed Commands in 22 Files.

The final line displays both the current code coverage and the desired target coverage. You can customize the target coverage by configuring the CodeCoverage.CoveragePercentTarget option.

Examples

Here are some examples of the various ways the Code Coverage configuration can be used, and their corresponding output when used with the following files.

CoverageTest.ps1

function FunctionOne ([switch] $SwitchParam)
{
    if ($SwitchParam)
    {
        return 'SwitchParam was set'
    }
    else
    {
        return 'SwitchParam was not set'
    }
}

function FunctionTwo
{
    return 'I get executed'
    return 'I do not'
}

CoverageTest.Tests.ps1

BeforeAll {
    . $PSCommandPath.Replace('.Tests.ps1','.ps1')
}

Describe 'Demonstrating Code Coverage' {
    It 'Calls FunctionOne with no switch parameter set' {
        FunctionOne | Should -Be 'SwitchParam was not set'
    }

    It 'Calls FunctionTwo' {
        FunctionTwo | Should -Be 'I get executed'
    }
}

Let's see what is the coverage once executed:

$config = New-PesterConfiguration
$config.Run.Path = ".\CoverageTest.Tests.ps1"
$config.CodeCoverage.Enabled = $true

# Optional to scope the coverage to the list of files or directories in this path
$config.CodeCoverage.Path = ".\CoverageTest.ps1"

Invoke-Pester -Configuration $config

<#
...
Tests completed in 109ms
Tests Passed: 2, Failed: 0, Skipped: 0 NotRun: 0
Processing code coverage result.
Covered 60% / 75%. 5 analyzed Commands in 1 File.
#>

When Pester is executed with detailed verbosity enabled, it provides a comprehensive output that includes detailed information about the covered lines. For example:

$config = New-PesterConfiguration
$config.Run.Path = ".\CoverageTest.Tests.ps1"
$config.CodeCoverage.Enabled = $true
$config.Output.Verbosity = "Detailed"

Invoke-Pester -Configuration $config

<#
...
Tests Passed: 2, Failed: 0, Skipped: 0 NotRun: 0
Processing code coverage result.
Code Coverage result processed in 22 ms.
Covered 60% / 75%. 5 analyzed Commands in 1 File.
Missed commands:

File             Class Function    Line Command
----             ----- --------    ---- -------
CoverageTest.ps1       FunctionOne    5 return 'SwitchParam was set'
CoverageTest.ps1       FunctionTwo   16 return 'I do not'
#>

As you can see, the test script fails to run FunctionOne with its switch parameter set, and there is an unreachable line of code in FunctionTwo.

Coverage Format

By default, Pester generates a coverage.xml file in JaCoCo format. You have the flexibility to modify the output format, path, and encoding by using the following options:

$config = New-PesterConfiguration
$config.CodeCoverage.OutputFormat = 'CoverageGutters'
$config.CodeCoverage.OutputPath = 'cov.xml'
$config.CodeCoverage.OutputEncoding = 'UTF8'

$config.CodeCoverage.Enabled = $true

Invoke-Pester -Configuration $config

For additional CodeCoverage configuration options, please refer to the New-PesterConfiguration documentation.

Pester does not traverse directories.

If you encounter an empty coverage.xml file, it's likely because you're running the tests from a directory that doesn't include the relevant code to be covered. To resolve this, you can either follow the recommended Test file structure, which involves placing the tests alongside the code you want to cover, or set the config CodeCoverage.Path option to the directory that contains the code to be covered.

Integrating with GitHub Actions

To integrate Pester tests with Code Coverage into your GitHub Actions workflow, follow these steps:

1. Create or update your GitHub Actions workflow file (e.g., .github/workflows/pester-tests.yml). Use the following example as a template:

   name: Run Pester Tests
   
   on:
     push:
       branches: [ "dev", "main" ]
     pull_request:
       branches: [ "dev" ]
   
   jobs:
     pester:
       runs-on: windows-latest
   
       steps:
       - name: Checkout code
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
   
       - name: Install Pester
         shell: pwsh
         run: Install-Module -Name Pester -Force -Scope CurrentUser
   
       - name: Run Pester Tests
         working-directory: ./solution
         run: |
           # Run Pester tests with Code Coverage
           $config = New-PesterConfiguration
           $config.Run.Path = "."
           $config.CodeCoverage.Enabled = $true
           $config.TestResult.Enabled = $true
           Invoke-Pester -Configuration $config
   
       - name: Upload code coverage report
         if: ${{ success() }}
         uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
         with:
           name: code-coverage-report
           path: solution\coverage.xml

2. The workflow defined above triggers on pushes to the "dev" and "main" branches and on pull requests targeting the "dev" branch. Make sure to adjust the branch names as needed.

3. This workflow runs on a Windows environment and does the following:

   • Checks out the code.
   • Installs the Pester module.
   • Runs Pester tests with Code Coverage.
   • Uploads the code coverage report as an artifact.

4. Adjust the paths and configurations in the workflow according to your project structure and requirements.

With this configuration, Pester tests will be executed with Code Coverage, and the coverage report will be available as an artifact in your GitHub Actions workflow.